The Effect of Combination Alkaline Water and Iron Tablets on Improving Hemoglobin Level among Adolescent
Keywords:
Alkaline water, anemia, iron tablet, hemoglobinAbstract
Anemia is one of the health problems in Indonesia. It was due to the suboptimal absorption of Fe and increased body acidity. Alkaline water is an alternative to improve hemoglobin levels since it can maximize the absorption of iron and balance the body's acid-base. The study aimed to examine the combination of alkaline water and iron tablets on Increasing the hemoglobin levels. A quasi-experimental study method with pre-test and post-test study with control group design. Forty-two samples were assigned to the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received a combination of alkaline water with a pH of 9.5 as much as 1 liter and 60 mg iron tablets for 14 days. The control group received 60 mg of iron tablets. The assessment of hemoglobin levels was conducted before and after treatment. The results showed that the combination of alkaline water and iron tablets positively affected the Hb level among adolescents. The results showed that the variety of alkaline water and iron tablets positively affected adolescents' Hb levels. The alkaline water can be proposed as an innovation to increase hemoglobin levels. Further studies are expected to control the socio-cultural factor and food factor. Future researchers can develop studies related to alkaline water by adding other variables, namely blood pH and Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Downloads
References
(1) World Health Organization. Health Statistics: Monitoring health for the SDGs. 2017 [Cited 29 Januari 2019] Available from http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2017/en/
(2) Badan Pusat Statistik. Profil Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Supas 2015. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016 ISSN/ISBN 978-602-438-027-4
(3) Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Buku Saku Kesehatan Tahun 2016. Semarang: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah; 2016; 25-6.
(4) Arabyat RM; Arabyat G; Al-Taani GM. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among ever-married women in Jordan. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(x): xxx.
(5) World Health Organization. Hemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anemia and assessment of severity. 2011. [Cited 29 Januari 2019] Available from. http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/85839
(6) Butler H, MacNevin W, Naseri E, Torrealba J, Bressan N, Jiwani G, Ahmadi A. Development of a Non-invasive Point-of-care Hematocrit Sensor for Anemia Detection. CMBES. 2018 May 8th;41.p.1-5
(7) Gotloib, D. Silverberg, R. Fudin and A. Shostak, "Iron Deficiency is a Common Cause of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and can often be Corrected with Intravenous Iron," Journal of Nephrology, 2006 .19;2;161-167,
(8) Strzelak, K., Rybkowska, N., Wi?niewska, A., & Koncki, R. Photometric flow analysis system for biomedical investigations of iron/transferrin speciation in human serum. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2017 October 23rd. 995, 43–51.
(9) Honda, T., Pun, V. C., Manjourides, J., & Suh, H. Anemia prevalence and hemoglobin levels are associated with long-term exposure to air pollution in an older population. Environment International.2017 Apr. 101; 125–132.
(10) Kementrian Kesehatan . Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas); Kemenkes RI. 2018.
(11) WHO. Guideline: intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in menstruating women. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011. [Cited 29 Januari 2019] Available from. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/guidelines/guideline_iron_folicacid_suppl_women/en/
(12) Kesehatan K. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). Kemenkes RI. 2013.
(13) Shamah, T., Villalpando, S., & De la Cruz, V. Anemia. International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edition). 2017. 103–112.
(14) Strzelak, K., Rybkowska, N., Wi?niewska, A., & Koncki, R. Photometric flow analysis system for biomedical investigations of iron/transferrin speciation in human serum. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2017. 995, 43–51.
(15) Shirahata S, Hamasaki T, Teruya K. Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water. Trends Food Sci Technol. Elsevier Ltd. 2012;23(2):124–31.
(16) Bassem M. Raafat, Ghada M. Nabil. Hemoglobin different derivatives concentration enhancement after usage of Magnetic Treated Water (MTW) as drinking water. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research.2016 Jan-Feb. 1(6) p.416-424 ISSN 2249-9954.
(17) A. Lopez, P. Cacoub, I.C. Macdougall, and L. Peyrin-Biroulet, Iron deficiency anaemia. The Lancet.; 2016. 387, 907-916
(18) Bakta IM, Suega K, Dharmayuda TG. Anemia Defisiensi Besi. Jilid II. Edisi 6.Jakarta: Interna Publishing. 2014. p.644–46
(19) Coffey, R., & Ganz, T. Iron homeostasis: An anthropocentric perspective. Journal of Biological Chemistry; 2017. 292(31), p.12727–12734.
(20) Bergamaschi, G., Di Sabatino, A., Pasini, A., Ubezio, C., Costanzo, F., Grataroli, D.Corazza, G. R. Intestinal expression of genes implicated in iron absorption and their regulation by hepcidin. Clinical Nutrition; 2017. 36(5), p.1427–1433.
(21) Anderson, G. J., & Frazer, D. M. Current understanding of iron homeostasis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 106(Supplement 6);2017 p.1559S–1566S.
(22) Huang, K.-C., Yang, C.-C., Hsu, S.-P., Lee, K.-T., Liu, H.-W., Morisawa, S., Chien, C.-T. Electrolyzed-reduced water reduced hemodialysis-induced erythrocyte impairment in end-stage renal disease patients. Kidney International;2006. 70(2), p.391–398.
(23) Ali H. Al-Hilali, 2018. Effect of Magnetically Treated Water on Physiological and Biochemical Blood Parameters of Japanese Quail. International Journal of Poultry Science; 2018. 17: p.78-84